1. Tepper LB, Hardy HL, and Chamberlain RI. Toxicity of Beryllium Compounds. New York: Elsevier, 1961.
2. Breslin AJ. Exposures and patterns of disease in the beryllium industry. In: Stokinger HE, ed. Beryllium: Its Industrial Hygiene Aspects. New York: Academic Press, 1966:19–43.
3. Eisenbud M, Wanta RC, Dustan C et al. Non-occupational berylliosis. J Ind Hyg Toxicol. 1949;31:282.
4. Tumbleson R (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Public/Technical Information Service). Public relations problems in connection with occupational diseases in the beryllium industry. 1947.
5. Eisenbud M. An Environmental Odyssey: People, Pollution, and Politics in the Life of a Practical Scientist. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1990.
6. Sprince NL, Kazemi H. U.S. Beryllium Case Registry through 1977. Environ Res. 1980;21:44–47.
7. Roe S. Deadly alliance. Toledo Blade. Series of articles published March 28–April 2, 1999.
8. U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Criteria for a recommended standard to beryllium exposure. 1972. DHHS (NIOSH) publication no. 72–10268.
9. Stokinger HE. Recommended hygienic limits of exposure to beryllium. In: Stokinger HE, ed. Beryllium: Its Industrial Hygiene Aspects. New York: Academic Press, 1966:235–244.
10. Kohara T (director and general manager, Personnel Department, NGK Insulators, Ltd.). Letter to Piper HG (Vice President, Brush Wellman, Inc.). August 9, 1974.
11. Cullen MR, Kominsky JR, Rossman MD et al. Chronic beryllium disease in a precious metal refinery: Clinical epidemiologic and immunologic evidence for continuing risk from exposure to low-level beryllium fume. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;135(1):201–08.
12. Vorwald AJ. Animal methods. In: Vorwald AJ, ed. Pneumoconiosis: Beryllium, Bauxite Fumes, Compensation. New York: Hoeber, 1950:393–425.
13. Machle W. A further program. In: Vorwald AJ, ed. Pneumoconiosis: Beryllium, Bauxite Fumes, Compensation. New York: Hoeber, 1950:447–51.
14. Saranac Laboratory. Proposal on the co-carcinogenic potentialities of inhaled tobacco smoke in relation to beryllium-provoked lung cancer of the rat. Submitted to the Tobacco Industry Research Committee, October 1, 1954.
15. Mancuso TF, el-Attar AA. Epidemiological study of the beryllium industry: Cohort methodology and mortality studies. J Occup Med. 1969;11(8):422–34.
16. Mancuso TF. Relation of duration of employment and prior respiratory illness to respiratory cancer among beryllium workers. Environ Res. 1970;3(3):251–75.
17. Mancuso TF, Coulter EJ. Methods of studying the relation of employment and long-term illness: Cohort analysis. Am J Public Health. 1959;49:1525–36.
18. Mancuso TF. Methodology in industrial health studies: Social Security disability data and the medical care system. Am J Ind Med. 1993;23(4):653–71.
19. Mancuso TF. Mortality study of beryllium industry workers’ occupational lung cancer. Environ Res. 1980;21(1):48–55.
20. Wagoner JK, Infante PF, Bayliss DL. Beryllium: An etiologic agent in the induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastic respiratory disease, and heart disease among industrially exposed workers. Environ Res. 1980;21(1):15–34.
21. Finklea JF (director, NIOSH). Memorandum to assistant secretary for Occupational Safety and Health. Subject: Update of NIOSH criteria document on beryllium, December 10, 1975.
22. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Beryllium: Proposed occupational safety and health standard. Fed. Reg. 1975;40(202): 48814–27.
23. Baier EJ (NIOSH). Statement at OSHA’s public hearing on the occupational standard for beryllium. August 19, 1977.
24. Brush Wellman. Briefing outline on OSHA. October 6, 1977. Bates no. BF009662-BF009677.
25. Newman JM Jr. (Jones, Day, Reavis, and Pogue on behalf of Brush Wellman, Inc.). Letter to OSHA Docket Office. Re: Public hearing on proposed beryllium standard. July 13, 1977.
26. Steenland K, Ward E. Lung cancer incidence among patients with beryllium disease: A cohort mortality study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991;83(19):1380–85.
27. Ward E, Okun A, Ruder A et al. A mortality study of workers at seven beryllium processing plants. Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(6):885–904.
28. Sanderson WT, Ward EM, Steenland K et al. Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium workers. Am J Ind Med. 2001;39(2):133–44.
29. McCarten P. Letter to Administrative Law Judge Lesser P, submitted by Jones, Day, Reavis, and Pogue (Counsel for Brush Wellman, Inc.), November 17, 1977. Document no. CDC 00027, 1977.
30. Roth HD. OSHA beryllium hearings: Analysis of epidemiological data; ca.1978. Document no. D087051.
31. MacMahon B, Roth N. An evaluation of Wagoner JK, Bayliss DL, Infante PF: Beryllium: An etiologic agent in the induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastic respiratory disease and heart disease among industrially exposed workers. Manuscript, May 23, 1978.
32. Powers MB. Statement of Brush Wellman, Inc., at the public hearings on OSHA’s proposed beryllium standard, 1977.
33. Eisenbud M, Goldwater LJ, Higgins I et al. Letter to Califano JA, Marshall R (secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and secretary of Labor, respectively). February 10, 1978. Bates no. ME007469 or TW103006.
34. Odorich J, Schwartz AE, Wright MJ (vice president; director, Safety and Health Department; and industrial hygienist, Safety and Health Deparment; respectively, of the United Steelworkers of America). Letter to Califano JA, Marshall R (secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and secretary of Labor, respectively). March 20, 1978.
35. Califano J Jr. (secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare). Letter to Sen. Eagleton TF (D-MO). August 21, 1978.
36. Shy CM (professor of Epidemiology and director, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Northa Carolina–Chapel Hill). Letter to Foege WH (director, Center [sic] for Disease Control). October 12, 1978. Document no. 1011291.
37. Alsop R. Beryllium firm optimistic on fight to keep metal off carcinogen list. Wall Street Journal. March 7, 1978.
38. Schlesinger JR (secretary of Energy). Letter to Marshall RF (secretary of Labor). August 30, 1978.
39. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 23: Some Metals and Metallic Compounds. July 1980.
40. National Toxicology Program. Second annual report on carcinogens. 1981.
41. Preuss OP. Long-term follow-up of workers exposed to beryllium. Brit J Industr Med. 1985;42:69.
42. Roth HD. Memorandum to Brush Wellman enclosing a critique of the EPA health assessment document for beryllium. February 22, 1985.
43. Roth HD. Evaluation of beryllium epidemiological data, prepared for beryllium industry. August 1987.
44. Roth N (Roth Associates, Inc.). Memorandum to Davis D, Markham T, Miller J, Newman J, Wolfe D (Brush Wellman, Inc.). Subject: NIOSH Meeting (March 31, 1988). April 13, 1988.
45. Powers MB, Preuss OP. Memorandum to Gulick JE. Subject: Proposed program of filling need for new and accurate beryllium health and safety literature. January 23, 1987. Available at http://www.defendingscience.org/upload/Powers_1987.pdf. Accessed in December 2007.
46. Rossman MD, Preuss OP, Powers MB, eds. Beryllium: Biomedical and Environmental Aspects. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1991.
47. Hill and Knowlton, Inc. Letter to Gulick JE (vice president, Planning and Administration, Brush Wellman). February 21, 1989. Available at http://www.defendingscience.org/upload/HK_beryllium.pdf. Accessed in December 2007.
48. Swetonic M (Hill and Knowlton, Inc.) Memorandum to Allen P (RJR Nabisco). Subject: Hill and Knowlton ETS Assignment. July 23, 1987. Available at: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/jid03d00. Accessed in July 2007.
49. Public Relations Plan: Liability Litigation. 1985. R.J. Reynolds document no. 505439316/9330. Available at: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mgw15d00. Accessed in July 2007.
50. Asebstos Textile Institute. General meeting minutes, June 7, 1973. Addendum: About the speaker: Matthew M. Swetonic.
51. Brush Wellman. Introduction; ca. 1993. Bates no. BF0010985-BF0010987.Available at http://www.defendingscience.org/upload/BW_intro.pdf. Accessed in December 2007.
52. Harnett GD (president, chief executive officer, Brush Wellman, Inc.). Letter to Millar JD (director, NIOSH). Re: A mortality study of workers at seven beryllium processing plants. Elizabeth Ward, PhD, and Andrea Okun, MS. July 18, 1991.
53. Saracci R. Beryllium and lung cancer: Adding another piece to the puzzle of epidemiologic evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991;83(19):1362–63.
54. Levy P, Roth HD, Hwang PMT et al. Beryllium and lung cancer: A reanalysis of a NIOSH cohort mortality study. Inhal Toxicol. 2002;14(10):1003–15.
55. Niwa Y (vice president, NGK Metals Corp.) Letter to Ratney R (chair, Committee on Dusts and Inorganic Substances, ACGIH). Re: Brush Wellman, Inc., and NGK Metal Corporation submission of information relevant to ACGIH guidelines for occupational beryllium exposure. July 9, 1993.
56. Hanes HD (vice president of Government Affairs, Brush Wellman, Inc.). Letter to Bruce RM (chemical manager, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Re: IRIS pilot draft toxicological review of beryllium compounds. April 15, 1997.
57. Kolanz M, Roth HD. Supplemental comments of Brush Wellman, Inc., on the National Toxicology Board of Scientific Counselors January 20, 2000 review and recommendation regarding the appropriate classification of beryllium and beryllium compounds. June 5, 2000.
58. Trichopoulos D (Harvard School of Public Health). Letter to Jameson CW (National Toxicology Program). On the alleged human carcinogenicity of beryllium. June 1, 1999.
59. Kolanz M (director of Environment and Safety, Brush Wellman). Letter to Jameson CW (National Toxicology Program). June 1, 1999.
60. Jameson CW (NIEHS). Letter to Rep. Strickland T (D-OH-6). Re: NTP’s review of beryllium for the report on carcinogens. August 2003.
61. Hanes H. Memorandum to Rozek B. Subject: Activity report, environmental and government affairs. July 23, 1992.
62. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 58: Beryllium, Cadmium, Mercury, and Exposures in the Glass Manufacturing Industry. 1993.
63. Egilman D, Bagley S, Connolly S. Anything but beryllium: The beryllium industry’s corruption of safety information. Am J Ind Med. 2002;42(3):270–71.
64. Egilman DS, Bagley S, Biklen M et al. The beryllium ‘‘double standard’’ standard. Int J Health Serv. 2003;33(4):769–812.
65. Hanes HD (vice president of Government Affairs, Brush Wellman, Inc.). Memorandum to Eisenbud M, Kotin P, MacMahon B, Markham T, Powers M, Trichopoulos D, Stonehouse J, and Valiquette J. Subject: What was unique about the processing of beryllium materials in the Brush-Lorain plant? January 31, 1994.
66. Stonehouse AJ (consultant). Letter to Hanes H (vice president of Governmental Affairs, Brush Wellman). Subject: Brief study of preparations at the Lorain plant of the Brush Beryllium Co. relative to unique health and safety issues. January 19, 1994.
67. Hanes HD (vice president of Governmental Affairs, Brush Wellman). Letter to Trichopoulos D (chairman and professor, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health). Re: Lorain plant paper. April 18, 1995.
68. Beryllium Industry Scientific Advisory Committee (BISAC). Draft minutes of meeting of the Beryllium Industry Scientific Advisory Committee, October 9–10, 1995.
69. BISAC. Is beryllium carcinogenic in humans? J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39(3):205– 08.
70. Cruzan G (ToxWorks). Facsimile to Hanes H (Brush Wellman). Subject: Recent articles of relevance to beryllium. June 13, 1997.
71. Sathiakumar N, Delzell E, Amoateng-Adjepong Y et al. Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between mists containing sulfuric acid and respiratory tract cancer. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1997;27(3):223–51.
72. Fehner TR, Gosling FG. Coming in from the cold: Regulating U.S. Department of Energy nuclear facilities, 1942–1996. Environ Hist. 1996;1(2):5–33.
73. Hanes HD (vice president of Environmental and Legislative Affairs, Brush Wellman). Letter to Weitzman DJ (director, Industrial Hygiene Programs Division, EH-412, Office of Health Physics and Industrial Hygiene, U.S. Department of Energy). January 10, 1992.
74. Hanes HD (vice president of Environmental and Legislative Affairs, Brush Wellman). Memorandum to Brophy J, Harnett G, Skoch D, Craig Harlan, Sandor A, Waite C. Subject: Beryllium supply to the government. March 12, 1992.
75. Kolanz M. Testimony at the Department of Energy’s beryllium public forum in Albuquerque, NM. January 15, 1997.
76. Paustenbach DJ, Madl AK, Greene JF. Identifying an appropriate occupational exposure limit (OEL) for beryllium: Data gaps and current research initiatives. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001;16(5):527–38.
77. Egilman D, Bohme SR. TLVs, threshold limit values: Should we trust them? NECOEM Reporter. 2003;2(7):1,4–5.
78. Kolanz M. Testimony at the Department of Energy Public hearing on the proposed Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program. February 11, 1999.
79. Jeffress CN (assistant secretary, OSHA, to Peter Brush). Letter to Brush P (acting assistant secretary, Environment, Safety, and Health, U.S. Department of Energy). August 27, 1998.
80. OSHA. DOL semiannual agenda of regulations (Part 12). Fed. Reg. November 30, 2000;65(321):74072–124 (see 74110).
81. OSHA. DOL semiannual agenda of regulations (Part 12). Fed. Reg. December 3, 2001;66(232):61839–86 (see 61846 and 61879–80).
82. Cummings KJ, Deubner DC, Day GA et al. Enhanced preventive programme at a beryllium oxide ceramics facility reduces beryllium sensitisation among new workers. Occup Environ Med. 2007;64:134– 40.
83. Day GA, Dufresne A, Stefaniak AB et al. Exposure pathway assessment at a copper-beryllium alloy facility. Ann Occup Hyg. 2007;51(1):67–80.
84. Stanton ML, Henneberger PK, Kent MS et al. Sensitization and chronic beryllium disease among workers in copper-beryllium distribution centers. J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48(2):204–11.
85. Schuler CR, Kent MS, Deubner DC et al. Process-related risk of beryllium sensitization and disease in a copper-beryllium alloy facility. Am J Ind Med. 2005;47(3):195–205.
86. Henneberger PK, Cumro D, Deubner DD et al. Beryllium sensitization and disease among long-term and short-term workers in a beryllium ceramics plant. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001;74(3):167–76.
87. Rosenman K, Hertzberg V, Rice C et al. Chronic Beryllium Disease and sensitization at a beryllium processing facility. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(10):1366–72.
88. Madl AK, Unice K, Brown JL et al. Exposure-response analysis for beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease among workers in a beryllium metal machining plant. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007;4(6):448–66.
89. BISAC. Minutes of meeting, November 2–3, 1994.
90. BISAC. Minutes of meeting, April 23, 1996.
91. BISAC. Minutes of meeting, October 1, 1998.
92. BISAC. Minutes of meeting, November 11–12, 1999.
93. Kolanz M (Brush Wellman). Letter to Sanderson W (NIOSH). January 31, 2000.
94. Deubner DC, Lockey JL, Kotin P et al. Re: Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium workers. Sanderson WT, Ward EM, Steenland K, Petersen MR. Am J Ind Med. 2001;39:133–44. Am J Ind Med. 2001;40(3):284–85.
95. OSHA. Occupational exposure to beryllium: Request for information. Fed. Reg. 2002;67(228):70707.
96. National Toxicology Program. Tenth annual report on carcinogens. 2002.
97. Robin J-P. Beryllium health surveillance: The Quebec experience in the copper recycling industry (PowerPoint presentation on behalf of Noranda Inc./Falconbridge Ltd., at the International Beryllium Research Conference; March 8, 2005). Available at: http://irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/divers/Beryllium_ppt/SESSION2/2-Jean-Paul-Robin.pdf. Accessed in June 2007.
98. Brush Wellman, Inc. Supplementary documentation of Brush Wellman briefing outline on OSHA. October 11, 1977. Bates no. BF009665–77.
99. Brush Wellman, Inc., Health, Safety, and Environmental Strategic Plan. Presented by Rozek RH (vice president of Corporate Development, Brush Wellman, Inc.), at the board of directors’ meeting, June 25, 1991.
100. Turcic P. Personal communication, October 30, 2006.
101. H.R. 1758: Reform of Energy Workers Compensation Act, Section 202: Coverage for lung cancer in covered beryllium employees. Introduced April 10, 2003, by Rep. Strickland T. (D-OH-6).
102. Schumacher RP (Brush Wellman). Letter to to Dallafior M (Office of Rep. Strickland T (D-OH-6). Re: Levy/Roth paper. June 2003.
103. Schoeters I (Eurometaux). Letter to Fassold E (European Chemicals Bureau). Re: Agenda point 8.1: Comments on new proposals from Norway (ECBI/09/95, Add. 20). April 7, 2000.